The "Technical Conditions for Scrapping Main Components of Elevators" GB/T 31821-2015 was officially implemented on February 1, 2016. However, there are still many elevator workers who are unaware of this law and regulation. We have published this article again, hoping that everyone can show it to the property management to implement this document well and make elevators safer!
First, let's provide an intuitive diagram
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Technical Conditions for Scrapping Main Components of Elevators
GB/T 31821-2015 Full text
1、 Task Source
In November 2013, the National Standardization Administration issued a notice on the revision project plan for 45 national standards, including the motorcycle fuel consumption limit and measurement method. The notice approved the development plan of the national standard "Specification for Scrapping of Elevator Main Components", with project number 20131137-T-469. In early 2014, the National Elevator Standardization Technical Committee organized relevant units to jointly draft the "Specification for Scrapping of Main Elevator Components".
2、 Standard overall structure
This standard strictly complies with the requirements of GB/T 1.1-2009 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1: Structure and Writing of Standards" during the preparation process. It consists of "Preface", "Introduction", 1 Scope ", 2 Normative References", 3 Terminology and Definitions ", and 4 Scrap Technical Conditions". Among them, "4 Scrap Technical Conditions" is the core content of this standard.
3、 Introduction and Explanation of Standard Terms and Conditions
The main components specified in this standard include some components that have a significant impact on the safe operation of elevators, but do not include vulnerable components, components that adopt new technologies, and those that are less commonly used in elevators.
[Definition] This standard mainly focuses on safety related components, and the replacement of vulnerable parts is one of the daily maintenance tasks. Therefore, this standard does not consider vulnerable parts that are frequently replaced in daily maintenance.
The new technology components may exceed the current standards, for example, the comprehensive revision of GB 7588 is currently underway, and the new GB 7588 (especially PESSRAL, PESSRAE related content) has undergone significant changes compared to the original standards, which will drive the development and use of new components.
0.2 This standard specifies the technical conditions for scrapping the main components of elevators, but does not specify the procedure for determining scrapping.
[Definition] This standard is a technical standard and does not involve any related business activities such as supervision, management, and implementation entities.
After disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and fires, it may be necessary to conduct a safety assessment of the elevator as a whole based on the actual situation, and determine the technical conditions for scrapping its main components.
The state of elevators after a disaster is quite complex. If evaluation is needed, reference can be made to the GB/T 20900-2007 Methods for Risk Assessment and Reduction of Elevators, Escalators, and Moving Walkways, as well as the GB 24803 Elevator Safety Requirements series of standards. If necessary, an overall safety evaluation of the elevator is required to further determine the components that need to be scrapped.
For technical conditions that are not quantitatively specified in this standard, please refer to the product maintenance manual.
Due to differences in the design and manufacturing quality of some components, some components cannot meet the scrapping technical conditions specified in this standard. In this case, reference should be made to the scrapping technical conditions specified in the product maintenance manual provided by the manufacturer.
If the main components of the 0.5 elevator meet the scrapping technical conditions specified in this standard or the scrapping technical conditions given in the use and maintenance manual, priority should be given to repair. If the repair still cannot meet the requirements or the repair cost is too high, scrapping should be considered.
The principle of priority repair applies to the following text to avoid ambiguity, as it is necessary to replace components in order to meet the technical conditions for scrapping. The principle of prioritizing repairs is also used by various personnel and organizations such as elevator owners, managers, maintenance parties, and users to coordinate related conflicts during elevator repairs.
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical conditions for scrapping the main components of traction and forced drive elevators, as well as hydraulic elevators.
This standard applies to electrically driven traction elevators with a rated speed not exceeding 6.0m/s and electrically driven forced passenger elevators and cargo elevators with a rated speed not exceeding 0.63m/s, as well as hydraulic elevators with a rated speed not exceeding 1.0m/s. For electric driven traction passenger elevators and cargo elevators with a rated speed greater than 6.0m/s, this standard can be followed.
This standard does not apply to utility elevators. Elevators used in special circumstances (such as for disabled persons, fire situations, potential explosive environments, extreme weather conditions, earthquake situations, or transportation of hazardous materials) should not only meet the requirements of this standard, but also determine the scrapping technical conditions in accordance with the additional requirements of the corresponding standard.
2 Normative reference documents
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For all referenced documents with dates, only the version with dates applies to this document. The latest version (including all amendments) of any referenced document without a date is applicable to this document.
GB/T 5972-2009 Maintenance, Installation, Inspection, and Scrapping of Crane Wire Ropes
GB/T 7024 Terminology for Elevators, Escalators, and Moving Walkways
GB 7588-2003 Safety Code for Elevator Manufacturing and Installation
GB 21240-2007 Safety Code for Manufacturing and Installation of Hydraulic Elevators
GB/T 24478-2009 Elevator Traction Machine
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 7024, GB 7588-2003, and GB 21240-2007, as well as the following, apply to this document.
3.1 Main parts
The components that play an important role in the safe operation of elevators, such as the driving host, suspension devices, etc.
Note: This standard only covers some of the main components of elevators that have a significant impact on their safe operation.
3.2 Repair
After a component is damaged, its performance decreases, or its function fails, measures such as replacing parts, processing, and repairing are taken to restore its original structure and function.
3.3 Discard
The component is invalidated due to its inability to continue use or performance indicators not meeting the requirements.
4 Technical conditions for scrapping
The scrapping technical conditions for the main components of elevators are divided into 13 major components in this standard, namely: driving host, emergency rescue device, suspension device, compensation device, elevator car, counterweight, landing door and elevator door, maintenance door, shaft safety door and maintenance flap door, guide rail and guide shoe, safety protection device, electrical control device, encoder, hydraulic components
4.1 General Provisions
If the main components of the elevator meet the scrapping technical conditions specified in this standard and cannot be repaired, they should be scrapped.
[Definition]
When preparing this standard, the main consideration was given to the potential hazards of equipment failure or abnormality, such as shearing, squeezing, falling, impact, being trapped, and electric shock, without considering the hazardous states of equipment caused by external factors such as environment and civil engineering. In the scrapping technology conditions, the failure modes of equipment such as mechanical damage, abnormal wear and tear, rust, and material aging are mainly considered.
4.2 Driver host
4.2.1 Electric motor
If one of the following situations occurs in the electric motor, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Cracks in the motor casing or base that affect safety;
[Definition] This mainly refers to the section 5.2 on the motor casing in GB 14711-2013 "General Safety Requirements for Small and Medium Rotating Electrical Machines". As the main load-bearing component of the motor casing or base, if there is a rupture at the load-bearing area of the motor casing or base, there are several safety hazards in the following aspects:
(1) Foreign objects invade the interior of the motor, causing a short circuit in the motor;
(2) Cracks in the outer shell can cut off internal circuits, or contact with the internal circuits of the motor can cause leakage;
(3) Electric motors, especially PM motors, carry the weight of elevator cars and counterweights. Cracking of the casing or base can easily lead to bearing failure and cause safety accidents. Therefore, it cannot continue to be used and should be scrapped immediately.
4.2.1 Electric motor
b) The bearing of the electric motor is broken or worn, which affects its operation;
c) The stator and rotor of the electric motor collide and rub;
d) The temperature rise or insulation of the motor stator does not meet the requirements of 4.2.1.2 in GB/T 24478-2009;
e) The insulation resistance of the motor does not meet the requirements of 13.1.3 in GB 7588-2003;
【 Definition 】 Mainly referring to GB 7588-2003 "Safety Code for Elevator Manufacturing and Installation", the above failure situations of electric motors can easily lead to:
(1) Motor insulation failure, causing insulation breakdown and causing electric shock to personnel;
(2) Generating electromagnetic interference that affects the normal operation of the elevator.
Therefore, it cannot continue to be used and should be understood as scrapped.
f) Severe demagnetization of the magnetic steel in permanent magnet synchronous motors resulted in GB 7588-2003
Within the required load capacity range, it is not possible to operate the entire journey;
4.2.1 Electric motor
g) The magnetic steel of the permanent magnet synchronous motor has fallen off.
[Definition] Mainly considering the following safety hazards of permanent magnet synchronous motors in the event of magnetic steel detachment:
(1) The motor will not function properly,
(2) Causing friction, causing an increase in internal temperature of the motor and accelerating demagnetization of the magnetic steel;
(3) Collision during operation, generating noise;
(4) Reduce magnetic field strength and affect motor torque;
(5) Causing the rotor to jam and causing the motor to burn out.
Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped immediately.
4.2.2 Reduction gearbox
If one of the following situations occurs in the gearbox, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Serious failure of worm gear pairs, helical gears, and planetary gears in the form of plastic deformation, breakage, cracks, tooth surface pitting, adhesion, or wear that affects safe operation of the gear teeth;
[Definition] Considering the tooth failure of worm gear pairs, helical gears, and planetary gears, mainly referring to the Beijing local standard DB11/T892-2012 "Technical Requirements for Scrapping of Elevator Main Components" 4.1.2 and the Shanghai local standard DB11/T610-2012 "Technical Requirements for Scrapping of Elevator Main Components"
4.1.2. Local standard DB11/T610-2012 "Technical Requirements for Scrapping of Main Components of Elevators" in Zhejiang Province 4.1.2, and national standard GB6067.1-2010 "Safety Regulations for Cranes Part 1 General Principles"
Relevant content of 4.2.8. The above failure situations of the gearbox can easily lead to:
(1) Improper meshing of gear teeth causes transmission distortion, resulting in vibration and noise;
(2) The increase in friction between teeth leads to an increase in the oil temperature of the gearbox;
(3) The gear teeth cannot mesh, causing the gearbox to jam and fail to work.
Once the above situations occur in the worm gear pair, helical gear, and planetary gear, the gearbox transmission will fail. Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped immediately.
4.2.2 Reduction gearbox
If one of the following situations occurs in the gearbox, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
b) Damage to the transmission shaft, bearings, or keys that affects safe operation;
c) Cracks appear in the gearbox box;
d) The oil leakage in the gearbox does not meet the requirements of 4.2.3.8 in GB/T 24478-2009.
【 Definition 】 Mainly referring to section 4.2.3.8 of GB/T 24478-2009 "Elevator Traction Machine", the dividing surface of the gearbox and the cover of the observation window (hole) of the gear traction machine should be tightly connected, and oil leakage is not allowed. The normal operation of the elevator is that the oil leakage area at the extended end of the gearbox shaft does not exceed 25cm2 per hour. Lubricating oil leakage and insufficient lubrication in the gearbox cause intensified gear wear and a sharp increase in gearbox temperature, seriously affecting the service life of lubricated parts such as worm gear pairs and bearings. Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped immediately.
4.2.3 Brakes
The braking torque of the brake should comply with the requirements of 12.4.2 in GB 7588-2003, and the response time should comply with the requirements of 4.2.2.3 in GB/T 24478-2009. If one of the following situations occurs in the brake, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) When the elevator is running, the brake pads (pads) of the brake cannot be completely detached from the brake wheels (discs);
The main consideration is that the brake pads (pads) of the brake cannot be completely detached from the brake wheels (discs). When the elevator is running, the brake pads (pads) rub against the brake wheels (discs) for a long time, resulting in abnormal heating and severe wear of the brake pads (pads), a decrease in braking force, and the inability of the brake to provide sufficient braking torque. Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped immediately.
4.2.3 Brakes
b) Severe wear of brake pads or failure of brake springs, resulting in insufficient braking force;
When the brake pads (pads) are severely worn or the brake springs fail, the brake pads (pads) and brake wheels (discs) of the brake cannot generate enough pressure, making it impossible for the brake to provide sufficient braking torque. Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped immediately.
c) Cracks or severe wear on load-bearing structural components (such as brake arms, pins, etc.);
[Definition] Mainly consider the following safety hazards:
(1) Severe wear of structural components can easily lead to deviation of the braking force transmission mechanism from the design, resulting in braking time not meeting the requirements of 4.2.2.3 in GB/T 24478-2009 and braking torque not meeting the requirements of 12.4.2 in GB 7588-2003;
(2) Cracks in structural components can easily cause the stressed structural components to fracture during braking, making it difficult for the brake to provide sufficient braking torque. Therefore, when cracks or severe wear occur in the load-bearing structural components, they cannot be used anymore and should be immediately scrapped.
4.2.3 Brakes
d) The iron core of the brake electromagnetic coil operates abnormally, resulting in jamming phenomenon;
[Definition] Mainly considering that the electromagnetic coil core of the brake is the main operating component of the brake, if there is any abnormal operation or even jamming phenomenon, it will directly affect the performance parameters such as the brake response time, brake suction and release voltage, and brake torque. Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped immediately.
e) The dust-proof part of the brake electromagnetic coil is damaged;
f) The insulation resistance of the brake does not meet the requirements of 13.1.3 in GB 7588-2003.
[Definition] The brake experiences insulation breakdown, causing electrical leakage; The abnormal action of the brake electromagnet resulted in the braking time not meeting the requirements of 4.2.2.3 in GB/T 24478-2009. (The delay time of the brake power-off action shall not exceed 0.5s)
4.2.4 Traction wheel
If one of the following situations occurs in the traction wheel, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The wear of the rope groove causes the traction force to not meet the requirements of 9.3 a) or b) in GB 7588-2003;
[Definition] Friction is the basic driving force of a traction elevator. If the traction force is insufficient, it may cause the elevator to slip during operation, which can easily lead to the phenomenon of car bottom and top collision. Slipping can also cause serious damage to the steel wire rope and traction wheel. If the emergency braking deceleration on the downward side reaches or even exceeds 1g, then the upward side will be in a vertical upward throwing state, which is prone to causing the elevator car to hit the roof.
b) The rope groove has defects or abnormal wear and tear;
[Definition] The technical conditions for scrapping traction wheels in this article mainly consider the following safety hazards:
Unable to provide sufficient drag force; Accelerate the wear of traction wheels and steel wire ropes; Cutting the steel wire rope, causing wire breakage and strand breakage. Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped immediately.
c) Cracks appear.
[Definition] The traction wheel is the main load-bearing component. If cracks appear, there are serious safety hazards: the broken gap cuts the steel wire rope, causing the wire rope to break or strand; The traction wheel broke, causing the steel wire rope to fall off the groove. Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped immediately.
4.2.5 Drum
If one of the following situations occurs on the drum, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) The rope groove has defects or abnormal wear and tear;
b) Cracks appear.
[Definition] See 4.2.4 for the explanation of the traction wheel.
4.3 Emergency rescue device (manual brake release device, manual turning device, emergency power device)
4.3.1 Manual release device
If one of the following situations occurs in the manual release device, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Brake wrench severely deformed or cracked;
b) The brake wrench assembly has severe rust, deformation, or cracks;
c) The brake wire rope is severely corroded, jammed, or broken.
[Definition] As an emergency rescue device, the manual brake release device needs to ensure its normal use in emergency situations. This article is based on maintenance appearance inspection or regular inspection. If the brake wrench is severely deformed or cracked, the brake wrench component is severely corroded, deformed or cracked, the brake release wire rope is severely corroded, jammed or broken, which can affect normal use and even cause accidents during the rescue process, it needs to be scrapped. These hidden dangers can be detected visually on site.
4.3.2 Manual turning device
If one of the following situations occurs in the manual turning device, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Severe rust, deformation, cracks or defects on the handwheel of the turning gear;
b) Cracks appear in the welded parts of the structure;
c) The meshing failure of the turning gear pair;
d) Cracks or broken teeth appear on the turning gear.
[Definition] As an emergency rescue device, the manual turning device needs to be ensured to function normally in emergency situations. This article is based on maintenance appearance inspection or regular inspection. If the hand wheel of the turning device shows severe rust, deformation, cracks or defects, the welding parts of the structure show cracks, the meshing of the turning gear pair fails, and the turning gear shows cracks or broken teeth, it will affect normal use and even cause accidents during the rescue process. Therefore, it needs to be scrapped. These hidden dangers can be detected visually on site.
4.3.3 Emergency power supply device
If one of the following situations occurs in the emergency power supply device, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Battery leakage;
b) The battery cannot be charged;
c) After charging, the battery voltage is lower than the normal working voltage;
d) After charging, the battery level does not meet the requirements for the distance of the elevator car movement.
4.3.4 Hydraulic turning device
4.3.4.1 Hydraulic pipelines
The technical conditions for scrapping hydraulic pipelines can be found in 4.14.2 Pipeline.
4.3.4.2 Hydraulic pump station
The technical conditions for scrapping hydraulic pump stations can be found in 4.14.3 Hydraulic pump stations.
4.3.4.3 Hydraulic Motor
Cracks or deformations in the structure of hydraulic motors, or deformations, broken teeth, or cracks in the gears, are considered to meet the technical conditions for scrapping.
As an important component of hydraulic elevators, hydraulic motors are developed based on maintenance appearance inspections or regular inspections. If cracks, deformations, or gear deformations, broken teeth, or cracks occur, they will affect the normal use of hydraulic motors and pose significant safety hazards. Therefore, they need to be scrapped. These hidden dangers can be detected visually on site.
4.4 Suspension device
4.4.1 General rules
Under normal use, if a traction steel wire rope (or flat composite traction steel belt) is scrapped, the traction steel wire rope (or flat composite traction steel belt) of the entire elevator should be replaced.
When replacing the steel wire rope, if not all of them are replaced, the tension difference between the steel wire ropes will cause accelerated wear of the traction wheel.
4.4.2 Traction steel wire rope and hydraulic elevator suspension steel wire rope
If one of the following situations occurs in the traction wire rope and hydraulic elevator suspension wire rope, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) Broken wire: The total number of broken wires in the outer strand of a steel wire rope within one lay distance exceeds the provisions in Table 1;
[Definition] The technical conditions for scrapping traction wheels in this article mainly consider the following safety hazards: due to the contact between the steel wire rope and the traction wheel, the steel wire rope is squeezed against each other, causing the cut of the broken wire rope to continuously cut the adjacent steel wire, resulting in an increase in the speed of wire breakage; Reduce safety factor; The deterioration of the roundness of the steel wire rope section results in abnormal wear of the traction wheel groove.
4.4.2 Traction steel wire rope and hydraulic elevator suspension steel wire rope
b) Reduction of rope diameter: due to wear, stretching, damage to the rope core, or corrosion, the diameter of the steel wire rope is less than or equal to 90% of the nominal diameter;
[Definition] The technical conditions for scrapping traction wheels in this article mainly consider the following safety hazards:
Damaged wire rope cores can easily cause insufficient lubrication of the wire rope, exacerbating wear between the wire rope and the traction wheel; The mismatch between the diameter of the steel wire rope and the diameter of the traction wheel groove results in an increase in the equivalent friction coefficient of the steel wire rope, making it impossible to meet the elevator detention condition; The mismatch between the steel wire rope and the cutting groove causes an increase in the specific pressure of the steel wire rope, which can easily increase the wear rate of the steel wire rope.
c) Deformation or damage: The steel wire rope undergoes cage like distortion, rope strand extrusion, twisting, partial flattening or bending;
[Definition] The above deformation and damage of steel wire rope, firstly, will cause uneven stress distribution inside the steel wire rope, accelerating further damage and deformation of the steel wire rope; Secondly, it will cause damage to the traction wheel and pulley and accelerate their damage, so they cannot continue to be used and should be scrapped immediately. These damage patterns can be visually detected on site.
4.4.2 Traction steel wire rope and hydraulic elevator suspension steel wire rope
c) Deformation or damage: The steel wire rope undergoes cage like distortion, rope strand extrusion, twisting, partial flattening or bending;
[Definition] The above deformation and damage of steel wire rope, firstly, will cause uneven stress distribution inside the steel wire rope, accelerating further damage and deformation of the steel wire rope; Secondly, it will affect the traction wheel and slide
The wheel causes damage and accelerates its damage, therefore it cannot continue to be used and should be scrapped immediately. These damage patterns can be visually detected on site.
d) Rust: The steel wire rope is severely corroded, and rust fills the gap between the rope strands.
When steel wire rope is severely corroded, its mechanical properties decrease, the diameter of the steel wire becomes thinner, the strands become loose, and it is easy to cause "avalanche type" brittle fracture.
4.4.3 Force driven elevator steel wire rope
The technical conditions for scrapping steel wire ropes for forced drive elevators are specified in section 3.5 of GB/T 5972-2009 "Maintenance, Installation, Inspection, and Scrapping of Crane Steel Wire Ropes"
4.4.4 Flat composite traction steel strip
If one of the following situations occurs in the flat composite traction steel belt, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) Cracks, indentations, bends, punctures, indentations, or bulges appear on the steel strip;
b) Any strand in the steel strip breaks;
c) The surface of the steel strip exposes the internal steel wire due to wear or external force damage;
d) Severe corrosion of the steel strip;
e) The traction force of the steel strip does not meet the requirements of 9.3 a) or b) in GB 7588-2003.
[Definition] If the steel strip continues to be used due to the above-mentioned defects, there are mainly the following risks:
(1) It can lead to insufficient strength of the traction steel belt, and there is a possibility of the steel belt suddenly breaking during use, causing serious consequences of the elevator car falling;
(2) Affects the fit between the steel strip and the traction wheel, resulting in accelerated wear or mechanical damage to the fitting surface, leading to equipment damage too quickly;
(3) Causing insufficient traction, there is a risk of car slipping.
Therefore, when the above-mentioned defects occur in the traction steel belt, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped.
4.4.5 Termination device
If one of the following situations occurs in the termination device, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Cracks appear in the cone sleeve, wedge sleeve, wedge block or pull rod;
b) The wedge-shaped sleeve cannot be locked or fixed;
c) Thread failure;
d) The spring breaks, undergoes permanent deformation, or is compressed and coiled;
e) Severe rusting;
f) Aging and cracking of composite elastic components.
[Definition] The composite elastic components of the termination device lose their buffering capacity, causing an increase in tension difference between the steel wire ropes, which may cause the steel wire rope to fall off from the groove or accelerate the wear of the steel wire rope and the traction wheel.
4.4.6 Pulley
Pulleys (such as reverse pulleys and guide pulleys) shall be deemed to meet the technical conditions for scrapping if one of the following conditions occurs:
a) The rope groove is severely worn;
Severe wear of the pulley groove can accelerate the wear of the steel wire rope or cause the steel wire rope to fall off from the groove.
b) Rope groove defect or abnormal wear and tear;
c) Significant slippage, clearance, or displacement between the wheel hub and bearings, as well as between the shaft and bearings;
d) Cracks appear;
e) Severe deformation or aging cracking of non-metallic material wheels.
[Definition] The serious deformation or aging and cracking of non-metallic materials in pulleys mainly pose the following safety hazards: it is easy to cause the steel wire rope to fall off from the groove and rub against other components, resulting in surface wire breakage or strand breakage of the steel wire rope; Severe shaking during operation may affect ride comfort, and may accelerate the wear of the steel wire rope and traction wheel due to the impact force, which may cause the steel wire rope to fall off from the groove of the traction wheel.
4.5 Compensation device
4.5.1 Compensation chain (cable) and guide device
Compensation chains (cables) and guiding devices shall be deemed to meet the scrapping technical conditions if any of the following situations occur:
a) The surface wrapping material of the fully covered compensation chain (cable) has fallen off, severely cracked or worn;
b) Compensation chain (cable) guide device roller deformation, defect, severe wear or jamming;
c) The surface of the chain link is severely corroded or desoldered, posing a risk of breakage.
【 Definition 】 If the surface wrapping material of the fully covered compensation chain (cable) falls off, severely cracks or wears, it will cause the compensation chain (cable) to rust due to damage to the wrapping material, further damaging the compensation chain (cable). Therefore, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped.
4.5 Compensation device
4.5.2 Compensation rope and tensioning device
4.5.2.1 Compensation wire rope
The technical conditions for scrapping compensation steel wire ropes can be found in 4.4.2 for traction steel wire ropes and hydraulic elevator suspension steel wire ropes.
4.5.2.2 Compensation rope termination device
The technical conditions for scrapping the compensation rope termination device can be found in 4.4.5 Termination Device.
4.5.2.3 Tensioning wheel
The technical conditions for scrapping the tensioning wheel can be found in 4.4.6 Pulley.
4.6 Car
4.6.1 Car frame
If the car frame has any of the following conditions, it shall be deemed to meet the scrapping technical conditions:
a) The deformation of the car frame causes the car bottom to tilt more than 5% of its normal position;
b) The car frame is severely deformed, causing the guide shoes or safety tongs to not work properly;
c) The detachment of welding or material cracking on the car frame affects the safe operation of the elevator;
d) The car frame is severely corroded, and the wall thickness of the main load-bearing components is corroded to 10% of the design thickness
4.6.2 Car wall, roof, and bottom
If one of the following conditions exists on the car wall, top, and bottom, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) The car wall and roof are severely corroded, perforated or damaged, with a diameter greater than 10mm;
b) The car wall and roof are severely deformed or damaged, with reinforcement ribs falling off;
c) The strength of the car wall does not meet the requirements of 8.3.2.1 in GB 7588-2003;
d) The car bottom is severely deformed, cracked, rusted or perforated;
4.6.2 Car wall, roof, and bottom
e) Cracks appear on the glass car wall and roof.
【 Definition 】 According to 5.2.1 of GB 9962-1999 "Laminated Glass", "Cracks are not allowed to exist". Cracks on the glass car wall and roof, on the one hand, affect the aesthetics of the elevator; On the other hand, stress concentration at the crack reduces the strength of the glass car wall and roof. Therefore, it cannot continue to be used and should be scrapped immediately. The above can be observed visually.
4.7 Counterweight (Counterweight)
4.7.1 Counterweight frame
If one of the following situations occurs in the counterweight (counterweight) frame, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) The counterweight (counterweight) frame has undergone severe deformation, resulting in the guide shoe or counterweight (counterweight) safety gear not working properly;
b) The deformation of the straight beam and bottom crossbeam of the counterweight (counterweight) frame cannot guarantee the reliable fixation of the counterweight (counterweight) block inside the counterweight (counterweight) frame;
c) The counterweight (counterweight) frame is severely corroded, and the wall thickness of the main load-bearing component section is corroded to the design thickness
10% of the degree.
4.7.2 Counterweight block
If one of the following situations occurs in the counterweight (counterweight) block, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) Cracking, severe deformation or fracture of the counterweight block;
b) The outer material of the counterweight block is damaged and the internal material may leak outward.
4.8 Floor doors and car doors
4.8.1 Mechanical strength
If the strength of the landing door and car door does not meet the requirements of 7.2.3 or 8.6.7 in GB 7588-2003, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions.
4.8.2 Door leaves
If one of the following situations occurs on the door leaf, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The door leaf is severely corroded, perforated or damaged;
b) The reinforcement ribs on the back of the door leaf have fallen off;
c) The door leaf is severely deformed and does not meet the requirements of 7.1 or 8.6.3 in GB 7588-2003;
d) The detachment (falling) of the outer layer of the door leaf causes obstruction in opening and closing, or the strength of the door leaf does not meet the requirements of 7.2.3 or 8.6.7 in GB7588-2003;
e) Cracks appear on the glass door leaf or sharp notches appear on the edge of the glass door leaf;
f) Glass fasteners do not meet the requirements of 7.2.3.3 in GB 7588-2003.
4.8.3 Floor door frame
If one of the following situations occurs in the door frame of the landing door, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The door frame of the landing door is severely deformed, and the gap between it and the door leaf does not meet the requirements of 7.1 or 8.6.3 in GB 7588-2003;
b) The door frame of the landing door is severely corroded.
4.8.4 Sills and their supports
4.8.4.1 Sill
If one of the following situations occurs on the ground sill, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The deformation of the sill and the gap between it and the door leaf do not meet the requirements of 7.1 or 8.6.3 in GB 7588-2003;
b) The deformation of the floor sill causes the horizontal distance between the landing door sill and the elevator car sill to be greater than 35mm;
c) Deformation of the sliding groove on the sill, affecting the normal operation of the door leaf or causing the door guide shoe to derail;
d) The ground sill is fractured, welded, severely worn or corroded, which affects the normal operation of the landing door and car door.
4.8.4.2 Sill Support
Severe deformation or corrosion of the sill support, which affects the normal use of the sill, shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping.
4.8.5 Guiding device and door suspension mechanism
If one of the following situations occurs in the guiding device and door suspension mechanism, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) Cracks or inflexible moving parts;
b) Severe wear, deformation or desoldering.
The guiding device and the suspension mechanism not only bear the load of the door leaf, but also have a guiding effect on the door leaf.
Cracks in the guiding device and door suspension mechanism can affect their strength and load-bearing capacity, leading to the detachment of the door leaf; The inflexibility of its moving parts can easily block the operation of the door leaf, resulting in the elevator not functioning properly; Severe wear, deformation, or detachment of the guiding device and door suspension mechanism can easily lead to door leaf derailment, slotting, and falling. The above-mentioned failures of the guiding device and suspension mechanism can easily lead to abnormal operation of the door leaf, which is a key risk for the safe operation of the elevator. Therefore, it is scrapped.
4.8.6 Door crane
If one of the following situations occurs in the door machine, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The force required to open the car door does not meet the requirements of 8.11.2 or 8.11.3 in GB 7588-2003;
b) The power driven horizontal sliding door does not meet the requirements of 8.7.2.1.1 in GB 7588-2003 to prevent closing force;
c) The insulation resistance does not meet the requirements of 13.1.3 in GB 7588-2003.
[Definition] This section mainly refers to the requirements of 8.11.2 or 8.11.3 in GB 7588-2003 for the scrapping technical conditions of the gantry crane device; 8.7.2.1.1 Requirements and 13.1.3 Requirements. When the force to open the car door and the force to prevent the door from closing do not meet the requirements, a) it may cause the car to pry the door leaf during operation, causing a risk of falling, or affecting the normal opening and closing of the elevator in the unlocking area; b) The horizontal sliding door prevents excessive closing force, which can easily lead to the risk of personnel being pinched; c) Insulation resistance that does not meet the requirements can easily cause electric shock hazards to personnel. Therefore, it cannot continue to be used and should be scrapped immediately. These damages can be detected through fault phenomena and measuring instruments.
4.9 Maintenance doors, shaft safety doors, and trap doors
If one of the following situations occurs in the maintenance door, shaft safety door, and trap door, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) The door leaf is severely corroded and perforated;
b) The door leaf is severely deformed and does not meet the requirements of 5.2.2.3 in GB 7588-2003;
c) The door lock and its surroundings are corroded, causing the door lock to be unable to be reliably fixed.
4.10 Guide rails and shoes
4.10.1 T-shaped guide rail
If one of the following situations occurs in the T-shaped guide rail, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Permanent deformation occurs, affecting the normal operation of the elevator;
b) Serious damage to the working surface of the guide rail, affecting the normal operation of the elevator;
c) Severe rusting has occurred.
4.10.2 Hollow guide rail
If one of the following situations occurs in the hollow guide rail, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Permanent deformation occurs, affecting the normal operation of the elevator;
b) Peeling, lumping or peeling of the anti-corrosion protective layer;
c) Severe rusting occurs;
d) Severe wear and tear, there is a risk of derailment of the counterweight (counterweight).
4.10.3 Guide shoes
If one of the following situations occurs in the guide shoe, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Cracking occurs;
b) Permanent deformation occurs, affecting the normal operation of the elevator, or there is a risk of derailment of the counterweight (counterweight).
4.11 Safety protection devices
4.11.1 Door lock device
If one of the following situations occurs in the door lock device, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The mechanical structure of the door lock is deformed, resulting in the inability to guarantee a minimum meshing depth of 7mm;
b) Cracks, rust, or inflexibility of rotating parts occur;
c) The door lock contacts are severely corroded, causing poor contact and affecting the normal opening and closing of the elevator.
4.11.2 Door entry protection device
If one of the following situations occurs in the door entry protection device, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions:
a) Protection function failure;
b) The protective device is damaged or severely deformed.
The door entry protection device is an important safety protection device, and its failure or damage and serious deformation can easily cause passengers to be pinched. Therefore, the door entry protection device cannot continue to be used due to the scrapping technical conditions provided in this section and should be scrapped.
4.11.3 Speed limiter and its tensioning device
4.11.3.1 Speed limiter
If one of the following situations occurs in the speed limiter, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The damage of the speed limiter bearing causes the speed limiter wheel to rotate inflexibly;
b) When the speed limiter operates, the lifting force of the speed limiter rope does not meet the requirements of 9.9.4 in GB 7588-2003;
c) The electrical and mechanical operating speeds of the speed limiter do not comply with GB 7588-2003
9.9.1 or 9.9.3 requirements;
d) The speed limiter seat is deformed.
4.11.3.1 Speed limiter
[Definition] Damage to the bearing of the speed limiter often leads to inflexible rotation or jamming of the speed limiter wheel, which further causes misoperation of the safety gear of the speed limiter, affecting the safety of passengers and equipment; Due to wear of the rope groove or failure of the clamping block, the speed limiter may have insufficient lifting force, which can result in the inability to effectively lift the safety gear in emergency situations, posing a danger to the bottom and top of the car pier; The action speed of the speed limiter does not meet the requirements, which can cause the speed limiter to malfunction under normal conditions or fail to operate in emergency situations; The deformation of the speed limiter seat can lead to unreliable fixation of the speed limiter, and cause abnormal lifting force and action speed of the speed limiter; Therefore, when the speed limiter malfunctions in this section, it cannot be used anymore and should be scrapped. These damages can be detected through visual inspection, measurement tools, fault phenomena, and measuring instruments.
4.11.3.2 Tensioning device
If one of the following situations occurs in the tensioning device, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Deformation or cracking of the tensioning wheel;
b) The tensioning wheel bearing is damaged;
c) The groove of the tensioning wheel is damaged or severely worn;
d) The mechanical structure of the tensioning device is severely deformed.
4.11.3.3 Speed limiter wire rope
The technical conditions for scrapping the speed limiter wire rope are shown in 4.4.2.
4.11.4 Safety gear and lifting device
4.11.4.1 Safety gear
If one of the following situations occurs in the safety gear, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Cracks or severe plastic deformation occur in the body of safety pliers and clamping components (wedges or rollers, etc.);
b) The clamping parts are worn or corroded, making it difficult to effectively stop the elevator car or counterweight (counterweight);
c) Plastic deformation of elastic components, unable to effectively stop the elevator car or counterweight (counterweight);
d) The guide component deforms or falls off, and the clamp block cannot operate normally, effectively stopping the elevator car or counterweight (counterweight).
[Definition] The safety clamp is used to pull and clamp the elevator car or counterweight onto the guide rail through the clamp block. When the safety clamp operates, the clamp body bears a large tension and the clamping component bears a certain amount of pressure. Cracks or severe plastic deformation in the body and clamping components (wedges or rollers, etc.) of the safety pliers can easily lead to the breakage of the pliers during operation, resulting in the inability to effectively stop the elevator car; Wear or corrosion of clamping components, plastic deformation of elastic components, deformation or detachment of guide components can lead to excessive clearance between clamping components and guide rails, insufficient clamping force, inability to effectively stop the elevator car or counterweight, and significant safety hazards.
4.11.4.2 Pulling device
Rust, deformation, cracking, jamming, or thread failure of the lifting device, which cannot effectively lift the safety gear or reset the lifting device, shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping.
4.11.5 Overload device
When the elevator car experiences overload as described in 14.2.5.2 of GB 7588-2003, the overload device cannot send the correct signal, resulting in the inability to prevent the elevator from starting normally or leveling again, it is considered to have reached the scrapping technical conditions
4.11.6 Safety switch
If one of the following situations occurs in the safety switch, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Structural failure of driving safety contacts;
b) Safety contact reset failure;
c) Burnt or poor contact of contacts;
d) Severe rusting has occurred.
When the mechanical device that triggers the safety switch fails, the device is considered to have met the technical conditions for scrapping.
4.11.7 Upstream overspeed protection device
4.11.7.1 Speed monitoring device
When the speed monitoring device is a speed limiter, its scrapping technical conditions are shown in 4.11.3.1.
4.11.7.2 Reduction element
4.11.7.2.1 Reduction element acting on the steel wire rope system
If one of the following situations occurs in the rope gripper or other deceleration components acting on the suspension rope, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Trigger linkage mechanism damage;
b) Plastic deformation, cracking, or fracture of the clamp body or brake spring;
c) Severe wear or corrosion of clamping components, resulting in non-compliance with GB 7588-2003
9.10.1 requirements;
d) The reset device is damaged.
4.11.7.2.2 Deceleration elements acting on the elevator car or counterweight
The safety gear or counterweight safety gear and other deceleration components for upward movement shall be deemed to meet the scrapping technical conditions if one of the following situations occurs:
a) Cracks or plastic deformation occur in the clamp body and clamping components (wedges or rollers, etc.);
b) The clamping parts are worn or corroded, making it impossible to slow down the elevator car according to the requirements of 9.10.1 in GB 7588-2003;
c) The elastic component undergoes plastic deformation, resulting in a large gap between the clamping part and the working surface on the guide rail side, which prevents the car from decelerating according to the requirements of 9.10.1 in GB 7588-2003.
4.11.7.2.3 Deceleration element acting on traction wheel axle with only two supports
When the traction machine brake is used as a deceleration component, its scrapping technical conditions are shown in 4.2.3 Brake.
4.11.8 Buffer
4.11.8.1 Energy storage buffer
4.11.8.1.1 Linear buffer
If one of the following situations occurs in a linear buffer (spring buffer), it is considered to have met the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The spring is severely corroded or cracked;
b) After the buffer is activated, there is permanent deformation or damage that affects normal operation.
4.11.8.1.2 Nonlinear buffer
If one of the following situations occurs in a nonlinear buffer, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Aging phenomena such as cracking and peeling of non-metallic materials;
b) After the buffer is activated, there is permanent deformation or damage that affects normal operation.
4.11.8.2 Energy consuming buffer
If one of the following situations occurs in an energy consuming buffer (hydraulic buffer), it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping
a) The cylinder body has cracks;
b) Oil leakage cannot guarantee normal working liquid level height;
c) Plunger rust, affecting normal operation;
d) The reset spring has failed, and the buffer reset does not meet the requirements of F5.3.2.6.2 in GB 7588-2003;
e) After the buffer is activated, there is permanent deformation or damage that affects normal operation.
The energy consuming buffer in this section refers to a hydraulic buffer, mainly composed of a hydraulic cylinder and a reset spring. When the energy dissipation buffer is activated, the kinetic energy of the system is dissipated through hydraulic damping, and it is reset by the elastic force of the reset spring. Due to the high pressure of the internal hydraulic oil during the operation of the hydraulic buffer, if there are cracks in the cylinder body, it may cause the cylinder body to rupture, causing the hydraulic oil to overflow instantaneously, thereby losing the buffering effect; When hydraulic buffer oil leakage causes the working liquid level to be too low, it can lead to the buffer distance and buffer elasticity not meeting the requirements; When the hydraulic plunger is corroded, it leads to abnormal fitting accuracy between the plunger and the cylinder body, resulting in oil leakage and jamming; The failure of the reset spring can result in a long or incomplete reset time, which can affect its normal use. Therefore, if the hydraulic buffer fails as mentioned above, it cannot continue to be used and should be scrapped.
4.12 Electrical control devices
4.12.1 Control Cabinet
4.12.1.1 Contactor (Relay)
If one of the following situations occurs in the contactor, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) There is a risk of electric shock due to damage to the casing, or it may cause the protection level of the casing to not comply with GB 7588-
Requirement 14.1.2.2.2 or 14.1.2.2.3 in 2003;
b) When cutting off or connecting the coil circuit, the contactor cannot open or close correctly and reliably.
4.12.1.2 Frequency converter
If one of the following situations occurs in the frequency converter, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Damage to the casing poses a risk of electric shock;
b) The copper skin of the input and output main circuit board is broken;
c) DC bus capacitor bulging, leakage or obvious burning;
d) The wiring terminals and copper bars of the input or output, braking unit, and braking resistor exhibit severe overheating deformation, arc oxidation, or corrosion.
4.12.1.3 Transformer
The insulation resistance of the transformer does not meet the requirements of 13.1.3 in GB 7588-2003 and is considered to meet the technical conditions for scrapping.
The technical conditions for scrapping transformers in this article refer to the content of 13.1.3 in GB 7588-2003 "Safety Code for Elevator Manufacturing and Installation". Transformer breakdown and other reasons can cause its insulation resistance to be lower than the specified requirements, posing risks such as personnel electric shock and equipment short circuit, and should be scrapped. This damage mode can be detected on-site by testing its insulation resistance to ground.
4.12.1.4 Circuit board
If one of the following situations occurs on a circuit board, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Suffering from moisture and water ingress, severe corrosion by acid and alkali, copper foil arc oxidation, damage or detachment of component solder pads, etc., leading to functional failure;
b) External force fracture;
c) Severe burning and carbonization.
4.12.1.5 If the electrical insulation inside the control cabinet does not meet the requirements of 13.1.3 in GB 7588-2003, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping.
4.12.1.6 If the control cabinet body is severely corroded, deformed, or damaged, causing the components inside the cabinet to be unable to be fixed and used normally, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping.
4.12.1.7 If the electrical components inside the control cabinet fail, causing the elevator to be unable to operate and cannot be replaced with components of the same specifications or parameters, or if the replacement components still cannot operate normally, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions.
4.12.1.7 If the electrical components inside the control cabinet fail, causing the elevator to be unable to operate and cannot be replaced with components of the same specifications or parameters, or if the replacement components still cannot operate normally, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions.
4.12.2 Traveling cables
If any of the following situations occur with the accompanying cable, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) The sheath cracks, causing the wire core to be exposed;
It is easy to cause scratches on accompanying cables, which may lead to wire core breakage and signal interruption, and can cause accidents such as elevator stopping and trapping people. Therefore, it should be scrapped.
b) Damage or aging of insulation materials, resulting in exposed wire cores or insulation resistance not meeting the requirements of 13.1.3 in GB7588-2003; It is prone to signal interruption, which can cause elevator accidents and trap people. There is also a risk of electric shock to personnel, and it should be scrapped.
c) The core of the cable is broken or short circuited, and the spare cable cannot meet the needs; Causing the elevator signal to be unable to be transmitted normally and the elevator to be unable to operate properly, it should be scrapped.
d) The cable is severely deformed and twisted.
It may cause poor circuit contact, which can easily cause elevator accidents and trap people, and should be scrapped.
4.13 Encoder
If the encoder signal output is abnormal, it is considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions.
The methods for determining encoder faults include:
(1) The frequency converter or motherboard directly reports encoder faults or encoder disconnection and other related faults;
(2) When doing host self-learning, the angle and position of the encoder cannot be learned accurately, with a large deviation;
(3) If there is suspicion of encoder malfunction, a multimeter can be used to measure the voltage of encoder AB phase relative to 0V;
(4) When the host vibrates, slides backwards, or flies over uneven layers, the first step is to check if other parameters are correct. If they are all correct, there may be a problem with the encoder.
Due to the inability to conduct professional testing on the encoder on site, if the above faults or other possible faults caused by the encoder are eliminated, the encoder signal output is still abnormal, and the encoder needs to be replaced.
4.14 Hydraulic components
4.14.1 Hydraulic cylinder
If one of the following situations occurs in a hydraulic cylinder, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Severe rusting, wear or damage to the plunger leading to oil leakage;
b) Plunger deformation caused by external force;
c) Severe rust or deformation of the cylinder barrel;
d) Failure of docking plunger connection;
e) Failure of docking cylinder connection;
f) Buffer stop failure;
g) The built-in hydraulic synchronization mechanism of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder has failed.
4.14.2 Pipeline
4.14.2.1 Hydraulic hard pipes
If one of the following situations occurs in hydraulic hard pipes, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Severe corrosion, deformation, or oil leakage;
b) The pipe joint is leaking oil.
4.14.2.2 Hydraulic hoses
If one of the following situations occurs in hydraulic hoses, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Oil leakage from pipe joints;
b) The surface of the hose is damaged, aged or cracked, and the steel wire weaving layer is damaged or the steel wire penetrates the adhesive layer.
4.14.3 Hydraulic pump station
4.14.3.1 If there is a short circuit, open circuit, grounding or burning of the motor coil, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping.
4.14.3.2 If the casing of the submersible pump is cracked, the main screw is broken, or the inner cavity of the casing is worn, it shall be deemed as
Meet the scrapping technical conditions.
4.14.3.3 Valve Group
If one of the following situations occurs in the valve group, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Valve body cracking;
b) Valve group function failure;
c) Oil leakage.
4.14.3.4 If the manual pump function fails, it shall be considered as meeting the scrapping technical conditions.
4.14.3.5 If the handle of the shut-off valve is broken or the valve core is worn, resulting in leakage, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping.
4.14.3.6 Hydraulic Oil
If one of the following situations occurs in hydraulic oil, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Inflow, turbidity or emulsification;
b) High temperature oxidation causes the oil to turn black or sludge to precipitate.
4.14.3.7 If the fuel tank is severely corroded, deformed or damaged, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping.
4.14.4 Rupture valve
If one of the following situations occurs in a ruptured valve, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Adjusting screw breakage;
b) Failure of rupture valve function;
c) Oil leakage.
4.14.5 Oil filter
If one of the following situations occurs in the oil filter, it shall be considered as meeting the technical conditions for scrapping:
a) Damage;
b) Blockage.
